The influx of the displaced Rohingya has a dealt a double blow to the
wild elephant population inhabiting Bangladesh’s Chittagong region.
Shortage of food and destruction of habitat forced the elephants to
venture out, leading to clashes with humans. Five elephants have been
killed between November 21 last year and January 22 – three of them from
electrocution and landmine-related injuries.
Conservationists say elephants are known as ecosystem’s engineers and
gardeners since they play a vital role in forest enhancement by
disbursing seeds and creating an environment for germination.
Elephant dung plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling by providing
nutrients to the soil that is ultimately used by the flora. It is also a
good source of food for many insects, experts say.
Since the latest spell of Rohingya crisis, Myanmar security forces
planted landmines and erected barbed wire fence along its border with
Bangladesh, obstructing the trans-boundary migratory routes of the giant
mammals.
On the other hand, shelters set up for the Rohingya – which led to
the destruction of 4,000 acres of forestland – also blocked the wild
elephants’ routes. The Rohingya are destroying forest resources to meet
their daily demand of firewood of 800 tons.
Obstruction of the passages and destruction of forests have forced
elephants to seek alternative routes and triggered crop-raiding
incidents.
Nearly 690,000 Rohingya escaped to Bangladesh after Myanmar security
forces launched a brutal ‘clearance operation’ targeting the minority in
last August. Another 100,000 Rohingya had crossed the border earlier
following violence in the Rakhine state in October 2016.
The presence of the huge number of people and encroachment of forests
has made the wild elephants more desperate in their search for food and
water. Between September 17 last year and January 19, seven Rohingya
were trampled to death by wild elephants in Ukhiya and Balukhali refugee
camps.
But as many as five wild elephants have also been killed in the last three months.
“Unnatural death of an adult female elephant is a great loss since
she is a repository of traditional knowledge, including the migration
routes,” wildlife biologist Dr AHM Raihan Sarker told the Dhaka Tribune.
He said the wild elephants turned violent as they were pushed to the limit.
“The trans-boundary corridors (Balukhali-Naikhyangchhari-Myanmar and
Balukhali-Ghundhum-Myanmar) turned dangerous for the migratory elephants
as Myanmar security forces planted landmines along the borders,” he
noted.
“Besides, routes used by the elephant have been blocked to make space for refugee camps,” he added.
Elephants consume equivalent to 1.5% of their body weight every day
and usually the quantity of fodder ranges from 135kg to 300kg for
adults, the expert said. The wild elephants invade crop fields as they
are an easy source of food.
“It is natural for the farmers to protect their crop from raiding
animals. But it is the responsibility of the forest officials to keep a
strict vigil to avert any casualty of wild animals,” he said.
He suggested adopting an action plan urgently to save the mammals.
Ishtiaq Uddin Ahmed, a former country representative of the IUCN
Bangladesh, said elephants were among protected animals under the
Wildlife Act, adding that the forest department should investigate the
repeated incidents of death of the wild elephants.
Eminent wildlife conservationist Reza Khan cited a study which showed
that the elephants naturally browse on at least 50 species of plants
and eat fruits of over a dozen trees.
Deforestation and changing patterns in forestry created a severe shortage of food for elephants and other animals.
He said many people had encroached on forest lands and occupied
routes used by elephants. The illegal land occupiers sometimes use
electrical fences and poison-laced food items to deter elephants raiding
their crops or dwellings, the former IUCN member said, demanding
punishment for the offenders.
“Rampaging wild elephants entering human settlements should be
tranquillized and moved to remote areas where there are existing
elephant populations,” Khan told the Dhaka Tribune. “To reduce
human-elephant conflicts, the government must ensure sufficient supply
of food and water inside the forest.”
When contacted, Md Jahidul Kabir, conservator of forests (wildlife
and nature conservation circle), said they were going to undertake a
special project in consultation with the IUCN.
Wildlife biologist Raihan said wild elephants played a significant
role in protecting natural forests, adding: “The conservation of
elephants should be a mandatory task to ensure their survivability.”
Dr Anisuzzaman Khan, biodiversity researcher and chief adviser to
Isabela Foundation, said, “People all over the world keep a close eye on
the state of tigers and elephants. Infrastructural development of a
country becomes meaningless and the country suffers from an image
deficit if tigers or elephants meet unnatural death.”
Please credit and share this article with others using this link:
https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/special/2018/02/09/rohingya-influx-deals-blow-bangladeshs-wild-elephant-population/
No comments:
Post a Comment